Course Content
The Arduino UNO
In the following three lessons, you will get to know your microcontroller - the Arduino UNO. You will learn more about its history, its functions, and most importantly: how to power it.
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Overview
Power Supply
The Arduino UNO Rev4
The Arduino IDE
For beginners, the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is usually the first choice – and for good reason. You can program all Arduino boards with it and manage libraries for sensors, displays, etc. It also features the "Serial Monitor," where you can output data and troubleshoot.
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Installation
Get to Know the IDE
Your first sketch
In the following lessons, you'll get to know the basic structure of an Arduino sketch and write your own programs. Let's get started!
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Setup and Loop
Make the LED on your Arduino Blink
The Serial Monitor
Now let's turn our attention to the Serial Monitor – a feature of the Arduino IDE that you will use in virtually every one of your projects.
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Overview
Hello, World!
Variables
No programmer can avoid variables. In the following lessons, you'll learn what types there are and what you can do with them.
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What are variables good for?
What Types Are There?
Variables in Action
Controlling an LED
Now it's time for more hardware! In the next lessons, you'll connect an LED to your Arduino. You'll first turn it on and off with a button. After that, you'll build a dimmer to control the brightness of the LED.
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How to Connect an LED
The Prototyping Shield
Controlling the LED with a Sketch
Conditional Statements, Comparison Operators & Modulo
Connecting a Potentiometer
Controlling the LED’s Brightness
Lie Detector
Discover the entertaining side of electronics by building your own simple lie detector with your Arduino. This fun project uses basic components to measure skin resistance changes when someone might be telling a fib, perfect for adding some playful suspense to your next gathering with friends.
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How to build this project
There’s music inside!
Your Arduino can do much more than "just" make LEDs shine at different brightness levels. For example, it can make music. In the following lesson, you'll learn how to use a piezo buzzer and coax some charming tones out of it.
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Connecting a passive piezo
Your First Arduino Instrument
A Music Box with Loops
A Theremin with Ultrasound
Do you want to make a bit more music? In this lesson, you'll build a theremin that you operate with your HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor. You move your hand toward and away from the sensor - your Arduino calculates the pitch of the tones from the distance, which are then played through your piezo buzzer.
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Connecting the HC-SR04
Measuring Distances
Setup of the Theremin and the Sketch
Arrays
A Fixed Scale for the Theremin
The Sound Sensor
Ready to explore how your Arduino can respond to sounds? In this lesson, we'll connect a sound sensor to your Arduino and learn how to make it respond to both digital noise detection and analog volume levels.
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Using the Sound Sensor
Build an Alarm System
In this project, you will build your own alarm system. It consists of three components: the sound sensor, which you have just learned about, the active piezo buzzer, and the RGB LED.
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Connecting the active piezo and the RGB LED
The Sketch for the Alarm System
The DHT11 Temperature Sensor
Let's move on to another component that you'll certainly use in many projects: the temperature sensor. In this case, the popular DHT11, which can measure not only temperature but also humidity.
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Connecting the DHT11
Installing and Using Libraries
Measuring Temperature & Humidity
Arduino Course for Beginners

The Arduino UNO received a significant upgrade in 2023 with the Rev4. Let’s take a closer look at the new features of the Arduino UNO Rev4, compare it with its predecessor, and examine the special Minima and WiFi versions.

New Features of the Arduino UNO Rev4

The Arduino UNO Rev4 introduces several notable improvements:

  • New Microcontroller: The heart of the board is now the Renesas RA4M1, a 32-bit ARM Cortex-M4 processor. This replaces the 8-bit ATmega328P of the previous version and offers significantly more power and capabilities.
  • More Memory: The Rev4 has 48 KB SRAM and 256 KB flash memory, which is a substantial increase compared to the 2 KB SRAM and 32 KB flash of its predecessor.
  • Higher Clock Rate: At 48 MHz, the Rev4 runs much faster than its predecessor with 16 MHz.
  • USB-C Connection: The outdated USB-B port has been replaced with a modern USB-C port.
  • Improved PWM Capabilities: All digital pins now support PWM (Pulse Width Modulation).
  • Better Power Supply: An improved voltage regulator allows for more stable power delivery.

Comparison with the Predecessor

Compared to the Arduino UNO Rev3, the Rev4 offers significant improvements:

Feature UNO Rev3 UNO Rev4
Processor ATmega328P (8-bit) Renesas RA4MA (32-bit ARM)
Clock Rate 16 MHz 48 MHz
SRAM 2 KB 48 KB
Flash Memory 32 KB 256 KB
USB Connection USB-B USB-C
PWM Pins 6 All digital pins

Despite these improvements, the Rev4 remains largely pin-compatible with the Rev3, which means most existing shields and projects should continue to work.

Arduino UNO Rev4 Minima

The Minima version of the Rev4 is a stripped-down variant of the main board. It omits some components to save costs and offer more flexibility for advanced users:

  • No USB-to-Serial chip
  • No voltage regulator
  • No WiFi
  • No Bluetooth

This version is ideal for projects that don’t need these components or where the user wants to implement their own specialized solutions.

Arduino UNO Rev4 WiFi

The WiFi version of the Rev4 additionally integrates an ESP32-C3 chip, which enables WiFi and Bluetooth connectivity. This opens up new possibilities for IoT projects and networked applications. Some highlights include:

  • Integrated 2.4 GHz WiFi
  • Bluetooth 5.0 (LE) support
  • Additional processor for network tasks
  • Extended flash memory for WiFi firmware

Conclusion

The Arduino UNO Rev4 represents a significant evolution of the popular UNO board. With its more powerful processor, expanded memory, and additional features, it offers makers and developers new possibilities without sacrificing compatibility with the extensive ecosystem. The Minima and WiFi versions expand the options for specific applications and make the Rev4 a versatile platform for a wide range of projects.

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