Course Content
The Arduino UNO
In the following three lessons, you will get to know your microcontroller - the Arduino UNO. You will learn more about its history, its functions, and most importantly: how to power it.
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Overview
Power Supply
The Arduino UNO Rev4
The Arduino IDE
For beginners, the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is usually the first choice – and for good reason. You can program all Arduino boards with it and manage libraries for sensors, displays, etc. It also features the "Serial Monitor," where you can output data and troubleshoot.
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Installation
Get to Know the IDE
Your first sketch
In the following lessons, you'll get to know the basic structure of an Arduino sketch and write your own programs. Let's get started!
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Setup and Loop
Make the LED on your Arduino Blink
The Serial Monitor
Now let's turn our attention to the Serial Monitor – a feature of the Arduino IDE that you will use in virtually every one of your projects.
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Overview
Hello, World!
Variables
No programmer can avoid variables. In the following lessons, you'll learn what types there are and what you can do with them.
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What are variables good for?
What Types Are There?
Variables in Action
Controlling an LED
Now it's time for more hardware! In the next lessons, you'll connect an LED to your Arduino. You'll first turn it on and off with a button. After that, you'll build a dimmer to control the brightness of the LED.
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How to Connect an LED
The Prototyping Shield
Controlling the LED with a Sketch
Conditional Statements, Comparison Operators & Modulo
Connecting a Potentiometer
Controlling the LED’s Brightness
Lie Detector
Discover the entertaining side of electronics by building your own simple lie detector with your Arduino. This fun project uses basic components to measure skin resistance changes when someone might be telling a fib, perfect for adding some playful suspense to your next gathering with friends.
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How to build this project
There’s music inside!
Your Arduino can do much more than "just" make LEDs shine at different brightness levels. For example, it can make music. In the following lesson, you'll learn how to use a piezo buzzer and coax some charming tones out of it.
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Connecting a passive piezo
Your First Arduino Instrument
A Music Box with Loops
A Theremin with Ultrasound
Do you want to make a bit more music? In this lesson, you'll build a theremin that you operate with your HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor. You move your hand toward and away from the sensor - your Arduino calculates the pitch of the tones from the distance, which are then played through your piezo buzzer.
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Connecting the HC-SR04
Measuring Distances
Setup of the Theremin and the Sketch
Arrays
A Fixed Scale for the Theremin
The Sound Sensor
Ready to explore how your Arduino can respond to sounds? In this lesson, we'll connect a sound sensor to your Arduino and learn how to make it respond to both digital noise detection and analog volume levels.
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Using the Sound Sensor
Build an Alarm System
In this project, you will build your own alarm system. It consists of three components: the sound sensor, which you have just learned about, the active piezo buzzer, and the RGB LED.
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Connecting the active piezo and the RGB LED
The Sketch for the Alarm System
The DHT11 Temperature Sensor
Let's move on to another component that you'll certainly use in many projects: the temperature sensor. In this case, the popular DHT11, which can measure not only temperature but also humidity.
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Connecting the DHT11
Installing and Using Libraries
Measuring Temperature & Humidity
Arduino Course for Beginners

Before you can get started, you first need to connect your LED to the Arduino UNO. For this, you’ll need an LED, a 220Ω resistor, a breadboard, and three cables.

First, a few words about the breadboard (prototyping board). Here you can easily place components by simply inserting them. Under the holes run conductive strips that allow current to flow between the holes:

(Image: Andreas B Mundt – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=19620117)

 

As you can see, the current runs horizontally across the breadboard on two strips at the top and bottom. These are typically marked with + and – on most boards. You connect these strips to the 5V and GND pins of your Arduino, so that you can then draw power from these strips for your components.

The holes have smaller strips arranged perpendicularly to these. Here, the current always flows beneath the five holes in a row. In the middle of the breadboard is a “bridge” that divides it into two separate areas across which no current flows.

Back to the LED: Use the following diagram for guidance when setting up:

Anschluss LED am Arduino

 

Let’s first talk about the LED. It has two legs of different lengths – the longer one is called the anode and is the positive pole. The shorter one is the cathode, the negative pole. For the LED to light up, current must flow through it.

___STEADY_PAYWALL___

However, you need a so-called current-limiting resistor for every LED. This is because an LED always draws as much current from the source as it can get – it cannot regulate its consumption itself. The longer it burns, the more conductive it becomes. This means that its power consumption also continues to increase. This is where the resistor comes in, which consumes a certain amount of current itself and leaves the LED only with the amount of current it can handle.

If you were to connect the Arduino directly to the LED without a resistor, it would draw more and more current over time and thus become hotter – until it eventually burns out.

Connect the anode – along with the resistor in between – to digital pin 9 of your Arduino. Connect the cathode to ground – that is, to GND.

And that’s all you need to do. Let’s continue with controlling the LED.

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